ABSTRACT
Se realizó estudio descriptivo prospectivo para evaluar la utilidad de la broncofibroscopia flexible en el diagnóstico de las causas de hemoptisis. Se realizaron 60 broncofibroscopias. Las hipótesis planteadas como primera posibilidad fueron de etiología Infecciosa 52 (86.7 por ciento), de etiología neoplßsica 6 (10 por ciento) y de otras causas 2 (3.3 por ciento). Resultados Bacteriológicos: de 48 pacientes con sospecha de tuberculosis 12 (25 por ciento) resultaron con baciloscopias positivas; obteniéndose el mejor rendimiento mediante el aspirado bronquial (100 por ciento). De 17 pacientes con sospecha de otra causa infecciosa 11 (64.7 por ciento) resultarón positivas para gérmenes comunes y hongos y 6 (35.3 por ciento) negativas. De 14 pacientes con estudio citológico de papanicolau (PAP)13 (92.9 por ciento) no presentaron Células Sospechosas de Neoplasias (NCSN) y en 1 (7.1 por ciento) se evidenciaron Células Sospechosas de Neoplasia (CSN). En 41 pacientes con biopsias bronquiales los resultados fueron: bronquitis crónica 25 (61 por ciento), bronquitis crónica y aguda 07 (17.1 por ciento), metaplasia epidermoide 02 (4.9 por ciento), granuloma tuberculoso 02 (4.9 por ciento), y 5 (12 por ciento) fueron informadas como muestra insuficiente. Conclusiones: Se demostró la importancia de la broncofibroscopía flexible en el diagnóstico de las causas de hemoptisis en nuestro medio, siendo el mayor aporte en la detección precoz de enfermedades infecciosas posibilitando su tratamiento oportuno con importantes beneficios epidemiológicos.
A descriptive and prospective study to evaluate utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis in hemoptisis was undertaken. Sixty fiberoptic bronchoscopy were done.The raised hypotheses as first possibility were of infectious etiology 52 (86.7 per cent) of neoplasic etiology 6 (10 per cent) and of other causes 2 (3,3 per cent). Bacteriological results: among 48 patients (with suspect tuberculosis), 12 patients (25 per cent) had positive acid fast bacilli smears. Among 17 samples that under went routine bacterial culture testing, 11 samples grew bacteria and fungal culture were positive, in 6(35.3 per cent) were negative. Cytological results: papanicolao smears were done in 14 patients, in 1 patients (7.1 per cent) suspicious neoplastic cells were detected. Histological results: In 41 patients, biopsy specimens were obtained, the following results were seen :: chronic inflammation in 25 (61 per cent), chronic and acute bronchitis in7 (17,1 per cent), epidermoid metaplasia 2 (4,9 per cent ), tuberculous granuloma in 2 (4,9 per cent), and 5 (12 per cent) were informed, as it shows insufficient specimens. Conclusions: The importance of the use of the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy was demoustrated in the diagnosis of the causes of hemoptisis, contributing the most to the early diagnosis of infectious diseases which results inopportune treatment and epidemiologic benefit.